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Authors
Zhu, Xiaoxiao
Xu, Bei
Yang, Chengcan
Ma, Shuai
Hao, Guihua
Gu, Fen
Wang, Bing
Yao, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine: Excellent Nursing Talent LinkedIn Program (JYHRC22-L01, JYHRC22-L01)
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2024
Revised: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 9 July 2025
First Online: 8 September 2025
Declarations
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: Our study was carried out according to the ethical principles in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee of the Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was not required owing to the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
