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Authors
Peng, Gang
Xu, Ting
Wang, Chen
Zhang, Hong-Wei
Di, Jian-Zhong
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Revised: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: It’s important to note that this study involved the analysis of publicly available NHANES data, and informed consent was obtained from NHANES participants by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board.
: As a secondary analysis of anonymized data, this study did not involve human participants. Thus, informed consent and institutional review board approval were not required.The NCHS IRB/ERB Protocol Number for NHANES 2015–2016 is Continuation of Protocol #2011-17. The NCHS IRB/ERB Protocol Number for NHANES 2015–2016 is Continuation of Protocol #2011-17 (Effective through October 26, 2017) and Protocol # 2018-01 (Effective beginning October 26, 2017). Further details can be found at: ; .
: The authors declare no competing interests.
