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Authors
Allen, Lauren K.
Cook, Haley E.
Pona, Ashleigh A.
Ben-Porath, Yossef S.
Marek, Ryan J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Minnesota Press (N/A)
University of Minnesota Press (N/A)
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Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Revised: 16 November 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Ryan Marek and Ashleigh Pona received research grant funding from the University of Minnesota Press to support this data collection. Ryan Marek is a co-author of the MMPI-3 Spinal Procedure Candidate Reports (SPCIR), he receives royalties on sales of the report. Yossef Ben-Porath is a paid consultant to the MMPI-3 publisher, the University of Minnesota and Distributor, Pearson. As co-author of the MMPI-3, he receives royalties on sales of the test.
