Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Qian, Yunzhi
Sorgen, Alicia
Steffen, Kristine
Heinberg, Leslie
Reed, Kylie
Malazarte, Aliyah
Fodor, Anthony
Carroll, Ian
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Revised: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Kristine Steffen is funded by the NIH grants R01DK112585-01, P20GM134969, R01DK130926, and 5R21AA029145-02.Leslie Heinberg is funded by the NIH grant R01 DK112585-01. She also has research funding from WW International. She has also received payment or honoraria from the Obesity Action Committee and support for travel/meeting attendance from the American Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery.Anthony Fodor is funded by the NIH R01 DK112585-01grant. He also receives consulting fees from Gelesis Corporation, ByHeart Corporation, L-Nutra Corporation, and NKarta Corporation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
