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Authors
Coleman, Karen J.
Baecker, Aileen
Shen, Ernest
Ji, Ming
Lewis, Kristina H.
Murali, Sameer B.
Gomez-Lara, Alexander R.
Crawford, Cecelia L.
Drewnowski, Adam
Moore, Darren D.
Negriff, Sonya L.
Young, Deborah R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK108522)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013874)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Revised: 19 January 2026
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent was obtained at the time of the baseline survey and all procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects at all institutions involved. Written informed consent was not required due to the minimal risk of the study procedures.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
