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Article History

Received: 16 August 2025

Revised: 30 January 2026

Accepted: 20 February 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Slovenian National Medical Ethics Committee Komisija Republike Slovenije za medicinsko etiko, approval number 0120-77/2017) on human experimentation (institutional and national) and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This manuscript was edited for language and clarity using AI-assisted tools (ChatGPT and Paperpal). These tools were employed solely to improve grammar, wording, and readability; they were not used for content generation, data analysis, or substantive contributions to the intellectual content of the work. After using these tools, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: MASLD and MASH were coined to more accurately represent the disease, which was, apart from a small difference in the definition, formerly (and in some cases still) known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Due to a better understanding of the disease pathophysiology and potentially stigmatizing terminology of “fatty” and “nonalcoholic” the name has been changed to MASLD and MASH, which more accurately represent the disease. Although several of the original studies cited in this manuscript were conducted and published using the NAFLD/NASH terminology, the present manuscript consistently applies the updated MASLD/MASH nomenclature throughout all sections to ensure clarity and terminological consistency.