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Authors
Yanpiset, Panat
Puchongmart, Chanokporn
Thiravetyan, Ben
Wattanachayakul, Phuuwadith
Srikulmontri, Thitiphan
Suenghataiphorn, Thanathip
Saowapa, Sakditad
Apaijai, Nattayaporn
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Revised: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study utilized data from the NIS database (2016 to 2022). The NIS database is a publicly available database with anonymous, de-identified inpatient data, maintained by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) [ ]. As the data are de-identified, Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent are not required for this study. This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
