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Article History

Received: 10 November 2025

Revised: 27 March 2026

Accepted: 2 April 2026

First Online: 18 April 2026

Declarations

: All procedures performed involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: The study was approved by the ethics committee (application 2534) of the University of Düsseldorf, Germany, the academic affiliation of the principal author.

: All patients were informed about the details of the procedure including the fact, that remnant gastrectomy has a pathophysiologic rationale, but is not standard of care and represents a novel procedure for the given problem. All patients agreed to undergo the suggested operation and were informed about possible complications.

: The authors declare no competing interests.