Moyer, Eric D.
Quattrone, McKell
Rothka, Andrew J.
Sodomin, Elizabeth
Pauli, Eric M.
Winder, Joshua S.
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Revised: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 14 May 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Institutional IRB approval was obtained prior to the start of this research study (STUDY00023274). This study is a retrospective cohort study, and formal consent is not required.
: Elizabeth Sodomin is an educator for Intuitive and a research investigator for Medtronic.Eric M. Pauli is a speaker for Becton Dickinson and Medtronic, and a consultant for Scientific Corp., Actuated Biomedical, Inc., Cook Biotech, Neptune Medical, Surgimatix, Noah Medical, Allergan, Intuitive Surgical, ERBE, Integra, Steris, Vicarious Surgical, and TELA Bio. He receives royalties from UpToDate, Inc., and Springer and has financial interests in IHC, Inc., Cranial Devices Inc., and Actuated Medical.Joshua S. Winder is a consultant for Boston Scientific.