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Authors
Avrumova, Fedan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-8776
Abel, Frederik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-6917
Zelenty, William D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-3784
Goldman, Samuel N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-4318
Lebl, Darren R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5795
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2023
Accepted: 31 July 2023
First Online: 22 August 2023
Declarations
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: Darren R. Lebl reports royalties from Stryker, royalties from NuVasive, ownership interest from Woven Orthopedic Technologies, ownership interest from Viseon, Inc, ownership interest from Vestia Ventures MiRus Investment LLC, ownership interest from ISPH II, LLC, ownership interest from HS2, LLC, ownership interest from Remedy Logic, on the advisory board for Remedy Logic, on the advisory board for Choice Spine, a consultant for Choice Spine, a consultant for Depuy Synthes, and a consultant for Viseon, Inc. outside the submitted work. Fedan Avrumova, William D. Zelenty, Frederik Abel, and Samuel Goldman do not have any disclosures.
: Ethical approval was obtained Institutional Review Board at the Hospital for Special Surgery (IRB#2019-1402). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee at the Hospital for Special Surgery (2019-1402).
: The participants did not need to give informed consent in addition to routine informed consent procedures.
