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Authors
Kneuertz, Peter J.
Mostellar, Robert
Merritt, Robert E.
Servais, Elliot L.
Mitzman, Brian
Villamizar, Nestor R.
Tapias, Luis F.
Lazar, John F.
D’Souza, Desmond M.
Oh, Daniel S.
Jackson, Gretchen P.
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Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 7 September 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Declarations
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: PJK, REM, ELS, BM, DD, and JFL are consultants for Surgical Intuitive Inc. RM, DO, and GPJ are employed by Intuitive Surgical Inc. and own Intuitive stock or stock options. None of the other authors were compensated for this work or have a financial or personal conflict of interest to disclose.
: The study is deemed exempt by the WCG Institutional Review Board (Protocol #ISI 20221).
