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Authors
Lee, Chih-Chiao
Chen, Marcelo
Chien, Yu-san
Chung, Ching-Hu
Li, Jiun-Yi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
MacKay Medical University (MMU-RD-114-1E-P002 and MMU-RD-114-1C-P008)
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Approval for the research protocol (Protocol No. 22MMHIS360e) was issued by the MacKay Memorial Hospital Institutional Review Board, Taiwan, R.O.C., which also determined that informed consent was not required.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
