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Authors
Huang, Daniel Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-0064
Lallas, Costas D.
Davis, Raegan M.
Keith, Scott W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9428-1151
Moeller, Patrick J.
Kim, Inkyu K.
Ghosh, Anushka https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3344-7592
Aguirre, Francisco https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2972-9711
Thompson, Rasheed A. M.
Drabo, Emmanuel F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-4391
Maio, Vittorio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-6989
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This is an observational study. The Thomas Jefferson University Institutional Review Board reviewed this study and determined it does not constitute human subjects’ research (IRB Letter, determination date: October 17, 2023). As such, ethics approval and informed consent were not required in accordance with institutional policies and U.S. federal regulations (45 CFR 46).
: Preliminary results of this study have been presented at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the Mid-Atlantic Section of the American Urological Association, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, USA, September 7, 2024, and at the 2025 International Society Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Annual International Meeting, Montreal, Canada, May 14, 2025.
