Huang, Zhenchao
Chen, Fan
Wang, Wenzhe
Mu, Feiyu
Zhang, Haining
Zhang, Zian
Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The study received ethical clearance from the ethics committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (approval number QYFY WZLL 29663) and was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: There are no competing interests in this study.
: Informed consent was obtained from the patients.