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Authors
Lu, Jian-li
Wu, Meng-wen
Fan, Kai-yan
Yin, Lin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2022 Special Research Fund for Nursing Discipline Construction, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (2022ZYHL020)
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Patient consent were not applicable for this retrospective study.
: All authors have seen the manuscript and approved to submit to your journal.
: Ethics approval was obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. (Approval NO: [2025B] IIT Ethics Approval NO. 0530).
