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Authors
Youssof, Hamada Ahmed
Hassan, Atef A.
Saleh, Ahmed Abdel-Galil
Shafiea, Ahmed
Mohammed, Ahmed Mostafa
Elsayed, Ahmed S.
Metwally, Mohamed ElSayed
Abdelkhalek, Nader A.
Hassan, Gamal M.
Elebiary, Mohamed Fathy
Lotfy, Ahmed Ali
Sharawy, Ahmed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Al-Azhar University
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is a secondary analysis of a publicly available, fully de-identified dataset (Harvard Dataverse; DOI: ) released under a CC0 public domain dedication. No attempts were made to re-identify participants. As the analysis used public non-identifiable data, additional institutional review board approval was not required.
: Not applicable (public, de-identified dataset).
