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Authors
Kawashima, Atsunari https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-4264
Hayashi, Takuji
Kawamura, Masataka
Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki
Ishizuya, Yu
Ueda, Norichika
Nakazawa, Shigeaki
Takezawa, Kentaro
Kato, Taigo
Hatano, Koji
Kakuta, Yoichi
Nonomura, Norio
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The University of Osaka
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2026
Accepted: 14 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2024) and approved by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Osaka Hospital [#23530(T13)].
: Given the retrospective study design using de-identified data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. Patient confidentiality was strictly maintained throughout the data collection, analysis, and reporting.
: Not applicable.
