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Authors
Erstad, Derek J.
Fazal, Zahra A.
Draulis, Karlis
Zheng, Feibi
Jackson, Gretchen
Chai, Christy Y.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Intuitive Surgical
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Article History
Received: 18 February 2026
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
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: Authors DE and CC have no competing interests to declare. Authors ZF, KD, FZ, and GJ report being employed by Intuitive Surgical during the conduct of the study.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. IRB approval was granted by the WCG Institutional Review Board (IRB) (#20233310) on 11/2024 which also included approval of the methodology and the interview questions.
: Written and verbal consent were both obtained from each individual participant in this study.
: Given that the qualitative results are de-identified and not linked to any particular participant, consent to publish was not required. However, participants were aware of the possibility of their quotes being included and used in the manuscript.
