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Toward city foundation models: from task-specific spatial approaches to urban general intelligence

Published Online: 2026-05-09

Published Print: 2026-12

Authors

Cong, Gao
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-09

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-09
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Article History

Received: 7 December 2025

Accepted: 5 January 2026

First Online: 9 May 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests or financial conflicts to disclose.

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