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Article History

Received: 4 June 2020

Accepted: 8 July 2020

First Online: 21 September 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: GR: speaker and consultancy fees from Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo; LP: consultancy fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, SOTIO, Roche Diagnostics and Beckman-Coulter;GP: speaker/consultant/advisory board member for Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS-Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Malesci, MSD, PIAM, Sanofi and Sigma-Tau; FR: no disclosure; DK: grants from Menarini outside the submitted work but during the conduct of the study and professional development support from Daiichi-Sankyo; JMSM: lecture or consultant fees from AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Bayer and research grant from Roche Diagnostics; RBS: funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 648131), German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF 01ZX1408A) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.) (81Z1710103); RW: speaker or consultant for Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, CVRx, Medtronic, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier; research support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and European Union; JMS: speaker and consultancy fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer and BMS-Pfizer; MR: advisory fees from Daiichi-Sankyo and Novartis and lecturing fees from Biotronik and Takeda Pharma, all outside of the submitted work; ML: employee of Daiichi-Sankyo Europe. KH: lecture fees from Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo; FWAV: personal fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer AG, BMS/Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo and AstraZeneca: JLZ: speaker honoraria from Sanofi, Servier and Daiichi-Sankyo; BB: consultant for Daiichi-Sankyo. HD: Steering Committee member and National Coordinator for Germany RE-LY, APPRAISE- 1 and 2, Garfield Registry, and PREFER in AF; fees, honoraria, and research funding from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Berlin-Chemie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi-Sankyo, Lilly, MSD Sharp&Dohme, BMFT, Harvard Med. Res. Inst., and Thrombosis Research Institute; MD: grants for investigator-initiated studies and related travel expenses from Biosense Webster, Medtronic, St Jude Medical and Boston Scientific; J-YLH: consultant/conferences/advisory board for Sanofi-Aventis, BMS/Pfizer, Meda, Boehringer-Ingelheim, MSD, Bayer, Servier and Daiichi-Sankyo; RJS: research funding from Biosense Webster, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical, Hansen Medical, and Boston Scientific; PK: research support from European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation; honoraria from several such companies; PK is listed as inventor on two patents held by University of Birmingham (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571, Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783); RDC: grant support (to his institution) from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo; speaker and consultancy fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Portola.

: To be negotiated with the Sponsor and the Steering Committee.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: All participants provided informed consent prior to their participation