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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170506, 82370493, 82120108005)
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-GSP-GG-16, 2024-GSP-TJ-3)
Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center (Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases) Research Funding (2023-FZX12)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 12 July 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The study did not include any human participants or performed animals.
: This study was conducted using publicly available data from the GBD studies, which do not include any confidential or personally identifiable patient information. The Institutional Review Board at the University of Washington granted a waiver for informed consent after review ().
