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Article History

Received: 19 August 2025

Accepted: 17 February 2026

First Online: 24 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: Prior to participation, verbal informed consent was obtained from all individuals after they were provided with comprehensive information regarding the study’s aims, procedures, and their rights—including the option to withdraw at any stage without repercussions. Participant confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously protected throughout the study. The data collected were used exclusively for research purposes and may be utilized in future academic publications or educational resources, without disclosing any identifying information.

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code: IR.SSU.REC.1403.187). Following ethical clearance, formal authorization was obtained from the relevant authorities at the Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center to proceed with data collection. All research activities involving human participants adhered to the ethical guidelines of the institutional review board and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later revisions.