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Article History

Received: 9 December 2024

Accepted: 30 April 2025

First Online: 13 May 2025

Declarations

: We, the authors, confirm that this submission adheres to the ethical standards of the Journal of Production Engineering. This work is original and has not been published or submitted elsewhere. All sources are properly cited. All listed authors have made significant contributions to the research and take responsibility for its content. No inappropriate authorship has been included. The data presented is accurate, transparent, and free from manipulation. No conflicts of interest exist that could influence the objectivity of this work. The research involving humans has received necessary ethical approval. By submitting this manuscript, we affirm that all ethical guidelines have been followed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.