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Authors
Kunihara, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6903-6501
Ichihara, Nao
Kato, Masaaki
Motomura, Noboru
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
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: All the authors have declared no competing interest.and nothing to disclose with regard to commercial support.
: The institutional review board at each institution has approved the data collection for the JCVSD, and the Data Utilization Committee of the JCVSD approved the use of data for the current study on 20th February 2018 (#A0098). In addition, the regional ethics committee of The Jikei University School of Medicine also approved this study (35–041(11663) on 6th June, 2023). Patients have been given an opt-out participant information instead of giving written informed consent based on the ethical policy of National Clinical Database ( ).
