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Authors
Liang, Rui
Li, Xueyan
Zhou, Ying
Zhou, Runv
Xu, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Young Nurses Talent Development Program - Angel Initiative, Shanghai East Hospital (DFTS-2252)
Three year Action Plan for Discipline Construction of the School of Nursing at Tongji University (JS2210320)
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This study received approval by the research ethics committee at the leading site, Shanghai East Hospital (ethics committee file number: EC.D (BG)0.025.04.0). Informed consent was waived for this observational study, as it did not involve any clinical interventions. All participating sites were informed and consented to liaise with their respective local institutional ethics boards to ensure study participation in accordance with local regulations.
