Haijima, Norimasa
Kudo, Mikihiko
Murata, Satoru
Ono, Takuya
Shimizu, Hideyuki
Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Hideyuki Shimizu serves as the Editor-in-Chief of General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery . To avoid any potential conflicts of interest, he was not involved in the editorial review or decision-making process of this manuscript. Norimasa Haijima, Mikihiko Kudo, Satoru Murata, and Takuya Ono declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: Approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital on July 8, 2025 (Approval no.: R2025-05).
: Written informed consent for surgery and the use of anonymized clinical data for research purposes was obtained from all patients.