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Article History

Received: 31 August 2023

Revised: 31 August 2023

Accepted: 31 October 2023

First Online: 13 December 2023

Declarations

:

: The corresponding author declares that there are no competing interests with respect to this paper on behalf of both authors. We have no financial or non-financial relationships that could have influenced the content or outcomes presented in this manuscript.

: The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, which is openly available and unrestricted for research, provided the information used in this study. Every involved institution’s institutional review boards gave their consent to the ADNI project, and before any data were collected, all participants or their authorized representatives had to provide written informed consent. Due to the fact that this research comprises the secondary analysis of de-identified data, no further ethical approval was necessary.