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Article History

Received: 3 February 2025

Revised: 11 March 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2025

First Online: 27 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The datasets used in this study were CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI created by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University. These datasets are publicly accessible and designed for academic use in the field of multimodal sentiment analysis. They do not contain any personally identifiable information or sensitive data. The use of these datasets complies with the terms and conditions set forth by their respective publishers. No specific informed consent was required for this study as the data used were obtained from publicly accessible sources which do not contain information related to individual human subjects. These data sources are open for research purposes and are anonymized in such a manner that individual privacy is maintained.