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Authors
Li, Pengfeng
Wang, Qiang
Cui, Shulin
Yin, Yang
Wang, Yifan
Song, Weibo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital project of Dalian Municipal Health Commission (2111004, 2211006)
The Educational Department of Liaoning Province (LJKMZ20221110)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Revised: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal participants. The research did not involve human subjects, collection of identifiable personal data, biological samples, or animal experimentation.s Therefore, ethics committee approval and informed consent were not required for this study. This statement clearly indicates that: No ethical approval was needed due to the nature of the study.
: The research did not involve human participants or animals
: Informed consent was not applicable since no human subjects were involved.
