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Authors
Wang, Xingju
Liang, Yiqian
Yang, Xingyu
Guo, Mengqi
Jia, Tongyao
Kamran, Muhammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hebei Natural Science Foundation (G2024210009)
Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology (Jikezhuanhan 2023 Document No. 3)
Department of Education of Hebei Province (CXZX2025042)
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Article History
Received: 19 July 2025
Revised: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
