Guo, Qiang
Bai, Junming
Pan, Hongguang
Zhang, Huipeng
Jiang, Ze
Zhang, Libin
Li, Li
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U24A2092)
Qin Chuangyuan ’Scientists + Engineers’ Team Construction Program in Shaanxi Province (No.2022KXJ-38)
Scientific Research Plan Projects of Shaanxi Education Department (No. 20JK0758)
Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Revised: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that there are no personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work and no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any service and company that could be construed as influencing.
: This paper does not address any data ethics issues. The research adhered to ethical guidelines and principles. The data used in this study are sourced from publicly available, open-access datasets. All data used in research comply with provider terms, and no identifiable information was used.
: All authors are fully informed of the study.