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Authors
Zhou, Rui
Zhu, Yan
Zhang, Baili
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Industry-university Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education (231003221260825)
The 2024 Graduate Education Reform Project of Shanghai Dianji University (A102252401102029)
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Revised: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 8 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved human listeners for MOS tests only. All procedures were approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Shanghai Dianji University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and no animal experiments were performed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
