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Article History

Received: 11 November 2025

Accepted: 1 March 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local Ethics Committee of Ärztekammer Hamburg (protocol code PV5453 and date of 22 May 2017).

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

: A consent to publish was not applicable (this manuscript does not contain data from any individual person).

: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Prof. Dr. Bokemeyer reported consulting fees from AOK Germany; Advisory board fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer Healthcare, BioNTech, Lindis Biotech, and Sanofi Aventis; Speaking and advisory board fees from Merck Serono, Roche Pharma, and med update; Advisory role and Board member of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO); Leadership role of the Hamburg Cancer Society (HKG); Advisory role and Board of National of the German Cancer Society (DKG); Leadership role in the Network of German Cancer Centers (CCC)/German Cancer Aid (DKH) and Board member of Northern German Society of Internal Medicine (NWGIM); and support for clinical trials sponsored by industry and cooperative groups. Prof. Dr. Inken Hilgendorf is the head of the board of trustees of the German Foundation for young adults with cancer, head of the working group AYA-Network of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology, and member of the advisory board of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology. Prof. Dr. Marianne Sinn received honoraria from Astellas, Falk, Roche and research funding from Abbvie, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Biontech, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Novartis. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.