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Authors
Lukkahatai, Nada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-1812
Jiang, Yannuo
Zhang, Jingyu
Kawi, Jennifer
Wu, Hulin
Wang, Hongyu
Campbell, Claudia M.
Thrul, Johannes
Abdi, Salahadin
Hacker, Eileen D.
Johnson, Constance M.
Smith, Thomas J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cancer Institute (R01CA245054)
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2026
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (IRB00243141).
Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained before participation from all study participants included in the study.
AI uses disclosure: The authors used generative artificial intelligence and writing-assistance tools, including ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA), Claude (Anthropic, San Francisco, CA, USA), and Grammarly (Grammarly, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA), to assist with language editing, grammar refinement, restructuring duplicate tables/figures into a combined display, and manuscript organization. These tools were not used to generate, analyze, or interpret study data. All scientific content, analyses, conclusions, and editorial decisions were developed, reviewed, and verified by the authors. The authors assume full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
