Liu, Tao
Liu, Xin
Li, Zhaodong
Qiao, Sen
Chen, Shuo
Quan, Xie
Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Revised: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 10 January 2026
Ethics
: Conflicts of Interest Xie Quan is an editoral board member of ENGINEERING Environment . The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.