Fan, Jiarui
Cao, Shenbin
Li, Xiangchen
Peng, Yongzhen
Du, Rui
Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Revised: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 23 November 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Ethics
: Conflicts of Interest Rui Du is a youth editorial board member and Yongzhen Peng is an advisory board member of ENGINEERING Environment . The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.