Osman, Siti Hasanah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-6898
Kamarudin, Siti Kartom
Jamil, Mohd Harris
Alfianto, Enggar
Shaari, Norazuwana
Zakaria, Zulfirdaus
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (HiCoE(SelFuel): HiCoE −2023–001)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (GGPM-2024-046)
Article History
Received: 27 December 2024
Revised: 28 March 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2025
First Online: 5 May 2025