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Authors
Wang, Charles Ko-Hsuan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5335-4252
Lin, Sheng-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2154-6809
Ting, Hieng-Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4333-6092
Yang, Man-Miao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-4677
Huang, Meng-Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-4827
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST-105-2621-B-034 -002, MOST–107-2311-B-034 -001, MOST–108-2621-B-005 -006 -MY2)
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2024
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 18 September 2025
Declarations
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: All authors declare no competing interests.
: The experiments conducted in this study did not involve direct contact with animals, ensuring that the procedures could not cause harm to them. Consequently, this approach alleviates concerns regarding animal ethics concerns.
: Null.
