Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52304374)
Hunan Natural Science Foundation for Youth Science Fund Category B (No. 2025JJ40046)
Starting-up Funding in Central South University (Faculty No. 220208)
K.H. Renlund Foundation in Finland under the project “Innovative e-waste recycling processes for greener and more efficient recoveries of critical metals and energy” at Åbo Akademi University
Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2025
First Online: 7 April 2025
Conflict of interest
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.
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