Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, MALAYSIA (FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UNIMAP/02/30)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.