Liu, Qian
Wang, Liguang
Liu, Jiageng
Chen, Liansheng
Wei, Yingli
Tian, Yaqiang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation - Steel and Iron Foundation of Hebei Province (E2022209114)
Science and Technology Plan Project of Tangshan Science and Technology (22130217H)
Open Research Fund from Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (221004-K)
Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2022209049)
Hebei Province Central Guidance Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (246Z1021G)
Article History
Received: 14 June 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.