Chi, Dongrui
Yu, Jianwen
Han, Yuexin
Dong, Zaizheng
Gao, Peng
Li, Yanjun
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2024ZD1004001)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52104246)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130406)
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 2023-MS-086)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. N2301013)
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Conflict of interest
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.