Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Liu, Haifeng https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3056-5136
Yang, Jia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8012-2524
Zhao, Weimin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0414-1121
Liu, Tiejun https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5044-8440
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study procedures received approval from the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, and informed written consent was obtained from participants before data collection began ( ). Therefore, no ethical approval was required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Authors of the manuscript confirm that generative AI technologies were not utilized in any phase of this manuscript’s development.
