Shabbir, Uzair https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1091-6787
O’Regan, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-2736
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Service Executive
Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 26 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This article does not report original research involving direct intervention or experimentation with human participants or animals. The study utilised routine service-level data collected during Chronic Disease Management reviews in general practice. All data were pseudonymised prior to analysis in accordance with data protection standards.
: Informed consent was not required as the study used pseudonymised, routinely collected clinical data , and individual patients were not identifiable.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.