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Authors
Satumanatpan, Suvaluck
Kanongdate, Kamalaporn
Arunlertaree, Chumlong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University Fundamental Fund: fiscal year 2023, National Science Research and Innovation Fund [NSRF]
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Article History
Received: 28 December 2025
Revised: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
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: The questionnaire and research methods were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University (IPSR-IRB), COA. No. 2022/12–240, covering the research time period.
: All participants signed the consent form to participate in the research. The participant can withdraw at any time if the questions are uncomfortable to answer.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
