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Article History

Received: 22 January 2026

Revised: 9 April 2026

Accepted: 16 April 2026

First Online: 30 April 2026

Declarations

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: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: In this study, we utilized artificial intelligence tools, specifically GPT-4, developed by OpenAI and accessed through the OpenAI platform. The GPT-4-turbo version was employed for linguistic enhancement and data processing, providing guidance on the necessary transformations to adapt the data and suggesting which statistical analyses would be most appropriate to achieve the study’s objectives. We ensured that the AI tool was used under strict human supervision, guaranteeing the accuracy and integrity of the results. This statement reflects our commitment to transparency and methodological rigor, ensuring that the integration and validation of AI use were adequately managed throughout all stages of the research.

: We confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this work, and we have received no significant financial support that could have influenced its outcome. Additionally, we ensure that all listed authors have thoroughly read and approved the manuscript and that no other individuals meet the authorship criteria but are omitted. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and the order in which their names appear. Due care has been taken to maintain the integrity of this work at all stages. We also emphasize that the selection and invitation of peer reviewers are the sole responsibility of the journal's editors.