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Authors
Yang, Xinrong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3520-898X
Deng, Jun https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1247-1283
König, Johannes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3374-9408
Kaiser, Gabriele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-0169
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (BMA 220225)
Universität Hamburg
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was carried out following the ethical standards of the cooperating universities. All preservice teachers participated voluntarily.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
