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The impact of air pollution on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in makkah, Saudi Arabia, during the Hajj cultural events and COVID-19 outbreak

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01816-2

Published Online: 2025-10-01

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Milibari, Albaraa A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-4267
Hanigan, Ivan C.

Badri, Hatim M.

Khan, Wahaj A.

Rumchev, Krassi
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Curtin University
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-01

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-01
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Article History

Received: 14 January 2025

Accepted: 11 August 2025

First Online: 1 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at Curtin University (Approval No: HRE2023-0396).

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, financial or non-financial, relevant to the content of this article.

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