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Authors
Zhu, Liujie
Zhang, Tao
Xu, Yingnan
Li, Ying
Chai, Dongyue
Liao, Yanfeng
Song, Zuqiong
Wang, Jian
Wang, Zhen
Shan, Wei
Liu, Wenhui
Guo, Hui
Zhang, Zheng
Ding, Zhen
Ruan, Zengliang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0232
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003421)
the Start-Up Research Fund of Southeast University (RF1028623082)
the High-Level Personnel Project of Jiangsu Province (JSSCBS20220140)
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in strict adherence to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health at Sun Yat-Sen University (Reference No.: 2020–054).
: The requirement for individual informed consent was waived because the study involved a retrospective analysis of anonymized, pre-existing surveillance data, and obtaining consent from participants was deemed impractical given the dataset’s large-scale, population-based nature.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
