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Article History

Received: 10 April 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The approved Guidelines and Policy for PhD research of the Board of Postgraduate School, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria, and laid down rules and procedures of the Postgraduate Committee of the Faculty of Environmental Sciences of the same institution were duly followed. The two bodies were responsible for maintaining postgraduate research ethics in the university. This paper is a product of the PhD thesis, written by one of the authors and supervised by two other authors. The concerned participants/respondents in the household surveys gave their written consent before the data collection proper.

: All authors have consented to publishing the paper in this journal.

: There is no competing interest whatsoever.